Operational disruptions have been a constant companion for most manufacturing companies over the p ast three years, and the need for factor ie s to function efficiently within an increasingly disruptive environment is the default position for most manufacturi ng executives. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the current labor environment, where m anufacturers are wrestling with unprecedented shortages of both white – and blue – collar workers and are looking for ways to bot h accelerate productivity on the factor y floor and reduce costs.